Sermon Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Sermon Report - Essay Example It has been written in verse four that in one body there are many members, and thus all these different members must be in harmony with each other to serve the body. The body as per the Scripture refers to Christ. Paul goes further to bid the people to be sober in their judgment. He urges them never to think so highly of themselves. However, he also encourages them not also to think so lowly of themselves. It is true to note that too much humility is vanity. In the book of Galatians, it has been written that whomever thinks he is what he is not, only deceives himself. Therefore, we must strike a balance between the two extreme ends and accord to ourselves what we deserve. The sermon is an accurate reflection on real life scenarios. It is human nature to point fingers at all other people except one person. We do not even realize that as we point one finger towards our neighbors, the other three fingers always point back at as. People love to be praised and adored for what they are not. Others think so highly of themselves. With power and riches, they portray themselves in a manner that befits a god. However, other who are so beaten by the harsh realities of their lives always think so lowly of themselves. Apostle Paul advises against the two extremes and explains that everyone should use their sober judgment. The diversity and difference between of different walks of life are striking. Everyone is different in their unique way. Despite the nature of all individuals, people still have to unite to achieve the set objectives. Everyone must do what they can and contribute to the welfare of the society. We must exercise a certain degree of patience and understanding. Our actions must show maturity and the ability to forgive one another. It is our sole responsibility to learn how to get along with one another. By so doing, we all serve the church in our small different ways and

Employee Relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 2

Employee Relations - Essay Example Unemployment rates in the European countries have risen rapidly and the overall production output in virtually every sector (service, manufacturing, public) has dropped during the two year period 2008-2009 as compared to previous years (Gennard, 2009). In several cases, organizations are challenged not primarily by the need to generate profits, but predominantly by the need to survive. In that respect, firms have proceeded into a number of initiatives and measures in their attempt to reduce costs (increase efficiency) and simultaneously sustain part of their competitiveness, especially in the current turbulent market economies and environments (Gennard and Judge, 2005; Rose, 2004). According to Gennard (2009) employee relations have been at the spot of light during these years of recession, particularly in labor – intensive industries and sectors, where the pursuit of efficiency clearly pertains to the cutting back of costs allocated to the human resources. As demand decreases , production is pushed down and in turn the need for human resources becomes highly controllable (Hartley – Kite et al., 2010). As Farnham (2000) notes, economic recession and employee relations are largely interrelated in that the first clearly impacts the second within the overall organizational environment. Lewis et al. (2003) define employment relationships as fundamental exchanges between employers and employees under the agreement of providing mental and physical ‘labor’ on the part of the employees, whereas the employers abide to offer rewards for the ‘services’ provided. Rose (2004) further states that the overall discipline of employee relations does not simply pertain to the ‘physical’ employment contract but on the ‘psychological contract’ between the two parties (employees and employers). Employee relations are focused on the establishment of grounds in which

History of Indias Economy

History of Indias Economy History of Indian Economy Journey of Indian economy from a devastated nation to a developing worldwide economy is a moving illustration for some creating countries. Keeping in mind the end goal to comprehend Indias financial voyage, it is vital to shed some light on Indias political and budgetary history. Following 200 years of British standard, India turned into a free sovereign country in 1947. This recently conceived country confronted various issues including a smashed economy, a negligible rate of education and horrific destitution. It was a mission unimaginable for Indian pioneers, however Sardar Patel, Nehru and others converted India into a common and vote based country. To better comprehend Indias economic development; its economic history ought to be separated into two stages, the initial 45 years after the autonomy and the most recent twenty years as a free market economy. Throughout the initial 45 years after freedom, Indias economy was separated into two unique fragments, private and public. The private area possessed and worked little to medium size organizations and commercial ventures ensured by the administration and the legislature dealt with everything else. The legislature was responsible for the vast majority of the buyer administrations including transportation, for example, aerial shuttles, railroads and nearby transportation, correspondence administrations, for example, postal, phone and broadcast, radio and TV, and social administrations, for example, training and medicinal services. The proposition of the legislature was to give these administrations, at a sensible expense, and additionally vocation. India received a five-year impro vement plan from its closest associate, the Soviet Union, with a specific end goal to enhance framework, agrarian handling, human services, and instruction; however the advancement was greatly moderate because of Indias fair framework. Indias economy and political framework experienced an extreme emergency throughout the time of Indira Gandhi and her Congress Party guideline. Throughout her organization, there was no economic advancement due to an absence of regard for economic change. Gandhi and her Congress Party gave careful consideration to how to stay in force as opposed to tackling Indias economic and social issues. In 1975, Gandhi captured resistance pioneers, forced oversight on the press and suspended races. Throughout this time, economic development stagnated and far reaching defilement turned into the standard. At long last, bowing down to huge inward and outer weight, she proclaimed a general decision in 1977. Gandhi and her Congress party lost that race. In a couple of years, she returned into force again and her child Rajiv Gandhi assumed control after her death, as PM. He stayed in force until he was additionally murdered in a shell impact and Indias economy was totally overlooked. Throughout the ear ly 1990s, Indias economy started to decline and was confronted with developing expansion, unemployment and neediness and truly low outside trade hold. The breakdown of the Soviet Union altogether affected Indians economy in light of the fact that the Soviets were Indias significant exchanging accomplice and a key supplier of ease oil. Accordingly, India needed to purchase oil from the free market. India was accepting an enormous settlement of remote trade from Indians working in the Middle East, yet the Gulf War sent many Indian labourers back home bringing about an immense gouge in Indias outside store. Thusly, Indias remote trade store tumbled to a low of $240 million, simply enough to backing just two weeks of imports. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank offered help to India in return for economic changes. The legislature used up choices lastly, the administration needed to transform its shut-entryway economic arrangements in 1991. Luckily, nobody from the Gandhi family was in force to settle on choices for the nation and Prime Minister Narasimha Rao took steps towards liberalization and privatization to change Indias economy. Manmohan Singh, who was the money priest around then went ahead and presented a few economic changes. He brought down levy levels, changed conversion scale approach, changed modern permitting strategy and likewise loose Indias outside immediate financing (FDI) arrangement. These changes opened the entryways for multinational organizations to put resources into India. India accepted positive reactions from worldwide financial specialists. When the 1991 changes, remote value proprietorship was limited to 40 percent and the exchange of engineering was important to work together in India. These hindrances were evacuated for outside organizations. Numerous multinational organizations exploited Indias new economic strategies and expanded their stakes to more than 51 percent in their subsidiarie s bringing about a few fold expand in outside immediate financing in only three years. Demographics: The current populace of the Republic of India is evaluated to be about 1.27 billion individuals, which is an expansion of something like 2.3% from the last record of the populace. Historically in the course of the last a large portion of a century, the number of inhabitants in India has been short of what the number of inhabitants in China. However, lately, the number of inhabitants in India has been expanding substantially more than the number of inhabitants in China has, so the populace crevice is moderating diminishing between the two nations. In view of the aggregate area territory and the aggregate populace of the nation, the populace thickness of India is something like 1001 individuals for every square mile. According to age the population of India can be divided in to the following categories Age Structure Years Percentage Male Female 0-14 28.9 187,236,677 165,219,615 15-24 18.2 117,385,009 104,516,448 25-54 40.4 253,642,261 239,219,931 55-64 6.9 42,307,170 41,785,413 65 and above 5.7 32,992,850 36,494,985 Gross Domestic Product (GDP): The Economy of India is the tenth-biggest on the planet by ostensible GDP and the third-biggest by purchasing power parity. Indian Economy is second third biggest in Asia in term of purchasing power parity and Nominal GDP and biggest Economy in South Asia. It is the worlds second quickest developing-real economy simply after China, with development rates averaging 7.7% in the course of recent years Unemployment rate Unemployment records in India are kept by the Ministry of Labour and Employment of India. From 1983 till 2013, Unemployment rates in India found the middle value of 7.6 percent arriving at a record-breaking-high of 9.4 percent in December 2010 and a record low of 3.8 Percent in December 2013. In India, the unemployment rate measures the amount of individuals heartily searching for work as a rate of the work energy. The amount of unemployed persons in India diminished to 39963 thousand in 2009 from 39974 thousand in 2010. Unemployed persons in India arrived at the midpoint of 36933 thousand from 1985 until 2012, arriving at a record-breaking-high of 41750 thousand in 2001 and a record low of 24861 thousand in 1985. In India, unemployed persons are people who are without a vocation and eagerly trying to work. India has a Gini coefficient of 36.8 The check of individuals being without work is on the ascent in India as economic stoppage and slower business development exercises cast a shadow on job era, say specialists. Showing drowsiness in the nations occupation showcase, the International Labor Organization (ILO) has said in its late report that the unemployment situation in India throughout the most recent two years has been demonstrating a climbing pattern. The exchange rate An exchange rate has a counter currency and a base currency. In an immediate quotation, the remote currency is the base currency and the provincial currency is the counter currency. In an aberrant quotation, the local currency is the base currency and the outside currency is the counter currency. Most exchange rates utilize the US dollar as the base currency and different coinage as the counter currency. Correspondingly India likewise does the same. The business cycle The primary venture in the economics of business cycles is to secure `stylised realities about the qualities of business cycle variances. When these are known, elective models could be judged on the degree they can anticipate these stylised certainties. Concerning there is the inquiry of structural conversion of the economy. There was an old Indian macroeconomics which agonized over distinctive things. In late decades, the economy has changed in basic ways: the economy has gotten to be basically open, the part of agribusiness has subsided, a budgetary framework has happened and private choices of firms that are formed by fiscal markets now overwhelm variances of venture. It seems evident a farming-ruled economy, where horticulture is 12% of GDP, the part of rainstorm stuns in GDP ought to blur away, which ought to matter for the ghostly properties of business cycle changes. Different sorts of structural change may not change stylised certainties excessively. The three parts which appear to be the reasons of unfriendly impact on the business cycle of India are: (a) The decrease in the offer of farming; (b) Investment/ stock cycles established in the conduct of private firms and budgetary markets and (c) Capital record coordination. The blurring ceaselessly of agribusiness gave a decrease in the instability of GDP. Speculation and yield are currently emphatically connected because of the new financing/stock cycle that is established in the private segment. Ace-cyclicality of capital streams aides clarify higher utilization instability. A lot of learning in Indian economics was rendered old when India changed from being a shut and poor nation to being an open and center-salary economy. Consumer spending patterns The purchasers habits of spending in India are definitely diverse when contrasted with the western world. Ordinarily, Indians are very economical in the matter of utilizing their assets, and they emphatically put stock in reusing wherever conceivable. Case in point, a nearby merchant might provide for you sustenance wrapped in daily papers. Despite the fact that the public transportation offices are used to the greatest, individuals lean toward buying little measured autos. It is not exactly exceptional to see enormous families going inside little autos. Indians definitely do show a more terrific level of tolerance and continuance. Presently with the economic blast, and with the impersonation of western consumerism, one may get the thought that things may very well go crazy. The country India is quick getting up to speed with the economic development. With the rising patterns in consumerism, Indians are more averse to lessen their using on family conveniences and lifestyle vital elements like training, social insurance and transportation. Then again, a large portion of the Indians may cease from obtaining extravagance things, as they think as of it to be immaterial for their lives. Then again, with the quick economic developments, unique varieties could be seen in the using examples of Indians. The using propensities, particularly in the urban zones are tilting more towards the buy of extravagance things also. In the wake of using on the aforementioned consumption, the higher working class Indians figure out how to make savings of 17% of their salaries. Passing by the aforementioned information, the Indian advertise without a doubt does seem brilliant for further business. Investment patterns The Indian shopper is changing and advancing. Furthermore, so are his utilization and investment designs. As Indian purchasers extricate their tote-strings and are less hesitant to putting resources into offbeat investment choices, the whole investment story is getting redefined. The recognition and use of investment choices in metros and high development towns is high. Individuals are progressively contributing and increasing cash through different investment choices. The common trust industry in India shows an intriguing situation of 48 million financial gurus, a substantial mixed bag of item offerings and concurrence of private, public and outside Asset Managing Companies. Corporates are the predominant mogul amass in the Indian Mutual Fund Industry and they represent very nearly 48% of the aggregate investment (AUM) in the business and they are more turned towards non-value reserves which offer high security liquidity and subsequently their inclination towards Liquid/Money Market and Debt-arranged trusts; The second overwhelming gathering in the business is the Retail financial gurus gathering which represents just about 24% of the aggregate investment (AUM) in the business, while they represent 98% of the 48 million speculators in the business India Government Spending Government Spending in India expanded to 1907.13 INR Billion in the final quarter of 2013 from 1503.10 INR Billion in the second from last quarter of 2013. Government Spending in India arrived at the midpoint of 1282.71 INR Billion from 2004 until 2013, arriving at an unsurpassed-high of 1907.13 INR Billion in the final quarter of 2013 and a record low of 735.82 INR Billion in the second quarter of 2004. Government Spending in India is accounted for by the Ministry of Statistics and Program Implementation (MOSPI). Import and export of India Question 1 Suggest, based on your data, how the country can better its economic growth? To make Indias economic development more practical, India needs a second era of changes to accelerate privatization of government possessed organizations, enhance money related and lawful frameworks to ensure investment and modernize its foundation. It is likewise essential to present business cordial assessment changes redesign work laws to the worldwide level and kill administration to pull in more global organizations with more investment. Three real main thrusts can support the Indias economic development and success. Expanded outside immediate investment, Indias smoothness in data innovation and expanded down home utilization due to a developing working class populace. The mixture of outside immediate investment and finesse in data engineering can help in processing many new employments and can make a developing white collar class that thusly can make expanded household utilization. In outcome again outside immediate investments will build to take care of the demand of Indian cu stomers. Indias developing white collar class is the spine of its economy and it is normal that about 50% of its populace will fall into the classification of working class by 2040 with a significant measure of disposable pay. The last period of development hailed from a developing data innovation industry and administration industry. India is turning into a centre point for data innovation and an information-based economy. In view of the accessibility of a profoundly gifted specialized workforce and enhanced security of licensed innovation, numerous western firms moved their innovative work offices to India with a specific end goal to decrease their RD cost. Indias economy is currently underpinned by its skill in data engineering, bigger capital business, enhancing foundation and developing white collar class with expanding disposable wage. Question 2 Why should we be worried about high unemployment? Suggest a government policy that may help improve the employment rate of the country that you have chosen and explain how this policy will help lead to better economic growth High unemployment may demonstrate a discouraged economy, yet there are great reasons why it may not, as well. When new advances create, old ones get abandoned. The truth of the matter is that large portions of our untalented specialists are, exculpate the doltish correlation, in the same way as the stacks of old electronic typewriters that are heaped up in junkyards around the nation. The cutting edge economy neednt bother with them. The point to be agonized over is the an alternate reason of unemployment like retreat. Under retreat Financial strategy can diminish unemployment by serving to build total interest and the rate of economic development. The administration will need to seek after expansionary monetary strategy; this includes cutting charges and expanding government using. Easier expenses increment disposable salary (e.g. VAT slice to 15% in 2008) and in this manner help to expand utilization, prompting higher total interest (AD). With an increment in AD, there will be an expansion in Real GDP (as long as there is extra limit in the economy.) If firms process all the more, there will be an expansion sought after for laborers and thusly lower request-insufficient unemployment. Additionally, with higher total interest and solid economic development, fewer firms will go bankrupt significance fewer occupation misfortunes. Keynes was a solid promoter of expansionary monetary approach throughout a delayed subsidence. He contend that in a retreat, assets (both capital and work) are unmoving, in this manner the legislature ought to mediate and make extra request to decrease unemployment.

Free Glass Menagerie Essays: Hopelessness, Futility and Escape :: Glass Menagerie essays

Hopelessness, Futility and Escape in The Glass Menagerie The Glass Menagerie is set in the cramped, dinghy apartment of the Wingfield family.   It is just one of many such apartments in this lower-class neighborhood. Not one of the Wingfield family members desires to live this apartment. Poverty is what traps them in their humble abode. The escape from this lifestyle, this apartment and these relationships is a significant theme throughout the play. These escapes may be related to the fire escape, the dance hall, the absent Mr. Wingfield and Tom's inevitable departure. The play opens with Tom addressing the audience from the fire escape. This entrance into the apartment provides a different purpose for each of the characters. Overall, it is a symbol of the passage from freedom to being trapped in a life of desperation. The fire escape allows Tom the opportunity to get out of the apartment and away from his nagging mother. Amanda sees the fire escape as an opportunity for gentleman callers to enter their lives. Laura's view is different from her mother and her brother. Her escape seems to be hiding inside the apartment, not out. The fire escape separates reality and the unknown. Across the street from the Wingfield apartment is the Paradise Dance Hall. Just the name of the place is a total anomaly in the story. Life with the Wingfields is as far from paradise as it could possibly be. Laura appears to find solace in playing the same records over and over again, day after day. Perhaps the music floating up to the apartment from the dance hall is supposed to be her escape which she just can't take. The music from the dance hall often provides the background music for certain scenes, The Glass Menagerie playing quite frequently. With war ever-present in the background, the dance hall is the last chance for paradise.   Mr. Wingfield, the absent father of Tom and Laura and husband to the shrewish Amanda, is referred to often throughout the story. He is the ultimate symbol of escape. This is because he has managed to remove himself from the desperate situation that the rest of his family are still living in. His picture is featured prominently on the wall as a constant reminder of better times and days gone by. Amanda always makes disparaging remarks about her missing husband, yet lets his picture remain.

Book Critique on Sharing Jesus Without Fear

Liberty Theological Seminary Book Critique Sharing Jesus without Fear A Paper Submitted to Dr. Gregory Hammond In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Course Contemporary Evangelism Evan 565 Bibliographical Information Fay, William and Linda Evans Shepherd, â€Å"Sharing Jesus Without Fear†, B&H Publishing Group, Nashville, Tennessee, 1999. Author Information William Fay, author of Sharing Jesus without fear, shares his testimony in the beginning of his book. Fay was once president and CEO of a large company. This was not all that he dabbled in as he had ties to illegal activities such as racketeering, bookmaking, gambling, and even ran a house of prostitution. (Fay,1) According to Fay, he felt at this time in his life he had everything that life could offer. The expensive watches, money, multiple marriages, but this trend in his life did not continue. Fay, eventually came to Jesus Christ and went to Denver Seminary, and now is an evangelist that travels throughout the U. S. Content Summary Fay states at the very beginning what the purpose of his work. He states that it’s objective is to provide liberty and to build the believer so he can present the Gospel and not fail. (Fay, Preface) The book is broken down into 11 chapters each dealing with aspects when presenting the Gospel. Fay starts with establishing the fact that just because you present the Gospel and someone does not respond it does not mean that you failed. Success when it comes to the Gospel is presenting the Gospel and living out the Gospel. Fay points to the fact that it boils down to obedience. The next couple of chapters, Fay address the issue of not sharing the Gospel and common objections and fears that Christians have when presenting the Gospel. In Chapter 2, the author states that we must repent of the sin of silence. Christians, who never discuss the Gospel, instead talk about unsaved world, but does nothing about it. In this same chapter the author tries to instill in the believer to see the vision that Jesus Christ has for the world and for us to share this same message with the world that can change their life. Fay advocates there are some Christians that will tell people they will pray for them and perform other nice gestures, but never share the Gospel at all. Fay stress that believers need to escape from this philosophy and see the need to reach people in their need. The next chapter in Fay work addresses common objections or fears that Christians have when it comes to witness. Fay in Chapter 3 present the question is it the Christian responsibility to share the Gospel if so then why are we not doing so. He goes through several reasons why we might not share the Gospel. Some of the objections are as follows: afraid of rejection, what friends might think, and not knowing enough scripture knowledge to highlight some. Fay advocates that it is time for the Christian to drop the excuses. He also states in this chapter if the Christian wants to see true joy in his life then the Christian needs to start sharing his faith with others. (Fay,28) The rest of his book is dedicated to explaining his philosophy and approach when it comes to sharing the Christian faith. Fay takes the next several chapters in particular 4-6 sharing the format which he uses and encourages believers to follow as well. He starts off in Chapter 4 how to lead a conversation to discuss spiritual matters. He shares several icebreakers that can be used to lead a conversation to spiritual matters. He also shares in this chapter that 5 simple questions can be asked that will open the conversation towards the topic of Jesus Christ. The difference is that the believer is not to argue or defend right away, but to simply listen. The next chapter deals with the power of the Gospel and as one are engaged in a spiritual conversation to introduce scripture, but have the person read it for themselves and not explain it. Let scripture speak for itself and let the Holy Spirit do the work of convicting. His last chapter in regards to presenting the Gospel is to bring the discussion to a decision and asking several more questions about making a decision. The questions are as follows: are you a sinner, do you want forgiveness of sins, do you believe Jesus died on the cross for your and rose again, are you willing to surrender your life to Jesus Christ, and are you ready to invite Jesus into your life and into your heart. (Fay, 62-63) At this point in the conversation Fay charges the believer to be quiet and not say anything and let God work. In the final several chapters of Fay book, he addresses common objections raised by those who chose not to receive Christ and how to address those objections. He list 36 common objections as the ones that are the most prominent. Fay also states that when addressing objections to make sure that one asks the question why. If we are quick to defend we might not get the right answer, but rather asking why usually reveals the reason and we can try to address it. The last two chapters of his book deal with having a mixture of Christian and non-Christian friends and how our lives around our non-Christian friends can make an impact. As well, he does cover how to pray for the lost and follow a simple plan to follow to pray for them using a seven day model. His last chapter deals with more of an exhortation to go and start sharing our faith with the lost. His last question he poses before closing the chapter is does the believer talk to the lost or about them which was his main question in the beginning of his work. Evaluation In examining, â€Å"Sharing Jesus without Fear† one should have some heighten confident in regards to sharing the Gospel. The author’s original intend for this book is freedom and confidence when presenting the Gospel. The author takes the approach in his work to start when Christian are at, and charges them to break from silence. Author does relieve the Christians of undue pressure that a belief might feel in regards to witness. He states that we are just obeying Jesus Christ my sharing the message that He left for us. It is not about how many we can stuff into a church or put on a badge of honor like we accomplished the work ourselves. The question is will the believer respond to the call of Jesus Christ. He states that a lot Christians are not following the command of Jesus Christ and a lot of Christians are afraid. The author does not cite any surveys to proof this, but giving the condition of society today, it is probably an accurate statement. He does address the common objections or reasons why Christians do not go out and share the Gospel with several scripture passages that address each reason why believers do not share their faith like they should. He also explains that God promises the believer that he will be with us when the believer shares his faith. To site another problem that believers have when presenting the Gospel, is how to introduce the topic without being to obtrusive. He gave some examples of icebreakers or ways to lead a conversation to the desire result of sharing the Gospel. What is unique about the author approach to the topic is his simple, but direct approach to the Gospel. The states the five questions he asked acts as guide to get to the heart of the matter which would be sharing the Gospel. He says by asking these questions people are more open then we realize and willing to share their personal beliefs. The comforting point he makes is that Christians are to share and live out the Gospel. The book takes on more of a practical tone. Basically, the whole of idea is that sharing the Gospel does not have to be so complex and overwhelming as it seems as it is made out to be. The author teaches the believer that sharing the Gospel will bring joy that is sometimes missing from the believer life. The believer can share the message of the cross quietly easily without fear knowing that God is there to support the believer and success of the presentation is not depended on the fact that the person comes to Christ or not. Success for the believer is that fact that he we went out and obeyed Christ and if it results in a person coming to the knowledge of Jesus Christ then that is a blessing. A couple of items worth highlighting showing some elements that are quite good. The redefining of what success is in terms of witness. The second is the how approach to witness by asking the five questions and just listen and not interrupting which is the hardest thing to do. Another element of his presentation is the use of scripture. Have the person read it for themselves and discover the meaning of the passage by having the Holy Spirit illuminate their minds to the truth of the Gospel. Finally, the common objections that often that do come up are worth taking the time to read, and see if the responds are really helpful when a believer is in a conversation with an unbeliever. Some negative aspects of the book are as follows. First, there were very few references to other materials to support some of his claims. For example, the most common reason believers do not share their faith. He never indicated that he took a poll. Secondly, the author makes an assumption that a Christian can not experience joy unless he shares the Gospel. (p. 27) The author makes this statement, but does not support this statement with other believers’ testimonies nor with Scripture. The demographic of the person who should read this book is a believer wanting to share their faith, but does not know how. This resource offers innovate way in expressing what has changed the believers heart. This could also be taught to an entire church on how to start an evangelism program. This philosophy can be implemented right away into an every day conversation. A person would probably need to read through the work possibly twice to fully understand the concepts being presented and to see how to implement them into their daily lives. It would have to become part of them. This book helps clarify a simple way to share the faith. There are a multiple of programs, methods, and marketing technique that are available to sharing the Gospel these days. However, the approach that was examined in â€Å"Sharing Jesus without Fear† alleviates the pressure that some might feel to follow a system. This system is heavily dependent on the scripture and the work of the Holy Spirit to do the convicting. It really does help me to understand that the Gospel can be shared virtually anywhere without being so in the face of people. This is opening a door to ask someone to share what they believe with the believer and in return showing the true. Instead of saying out from the beginning, you are going to hell. It does take evangelism in a different direction and his emphasis on living out the Gospel. To having a powerful impact in regards to the Gospel one must be living it and this is so important. Having the balance is what will make the difference.

Title : the Affects of Temperature on Enzymes Activity

Title : the affects of temperature on enzymes activity 1. The Problem: measuring and recording the digestion of carbohydrates by enzyme amylase 2. Independent variable: water bath temperature 3. Dependent variable: the time taken for the carbohydrates to get digested by amylases 4. Controls: the amounts of the carbohydrates and the enzymes in the reaction 5. Quantitative measurement: Time | Temperature | Enzymes concentration | Substrate concentration | Starches Indicators | Catalysts | In minutes | Cloven /Celeste | Per millimetre cube | Per millimetre cube | Per drop | No catalyst | 1.Materials: 6 water bathes. test tubes, test tube rack , amylase enzymes , carbohydrate form ( flower or ,potato), thermometers , indicator ,stop clock ,protection (lab coat, goggles ) 2. Procedure: * prepare 6 test tubes with 10 cm of carbohydrate milk and misuse 5 cm of amylase enzymes in a cringe and add to test tube also indicator should be add and there is no catalyst in this experiments * Place t he test tubes on the water baths Water baths should be with fixed temperatures from 10 ,20,30,40,50,60,70 * Start the stop clock as soon as the test tube in the water bath * Keep an eye on the test tube till colour change is observed and the take the test tube out and tack time measurements * Also every temperature measurements should be done individually that the other tests to eliminate error (no one can be in 6 places at the same time ) * Make a table and record the time taken to the enzymes to work and digest the substrate at each temperature individually *Draw a graph Make your conclusion based on the results Hypothesis:. the affect of temperatures on rate of typical enzyme –controlled reaction up to about 40c the rate increases smoothly, also a 10 degree increase of the temperature accompanied by approximate doubling in of the rate of the reaction this is the normal temperature rule of chemical reactions in general, above this temperature the rate starts to fall off the n decline rapidly . above 60 degree the rate ceases or stop completely. . Explanation: increase of reaction why? Increases in the temperature of a system results from increases in the kinetic energy of the system. This has several effects on the rates of reactions, 1-the increase in temperature will increase the activation energy of a molecules there for it has more potential to react and change status Also the temperature will make the molecules move faster and as a result more collision will be possible per/minute . Enzyme’s activity stops why? Altogether and that is because of the heat changes the shape of the enzyme molecules preventing them from working ,this is called (denaturation ) in fact enzymes will denature and any temperature that is why they cannot be used over and over again ,however the higher the temperature the less time it takes for the denaturation to occurs . 5. Risk assessmentHazard | Risk | How to avoid | What happens in case of accident | Risk probabil ity to occurs | Heat from hot water bath| Burning | Handel with care | Seek medical help| Big risk| Enzymes | Biological hazards (irritant | Handel with correct equipment | Wash under water tape | Medium | Glass equipment | Injury or a glass cute| Try to handel with care | Seek medical help | Big | Thermometer | In case it breaks contain mercury | Handle with care Don’t move it from the water bath unless by the lab specialist | Seek eargent medical help in case of contact with mercury | Big | Electrical wire from water baths | Electrocuted or starting a fire | But it out of the way not in contact with water | Seek medical help | Small | Source | Reference | Was it useful | Used for | Advanced biology | Michael Kent, 2004. Advanced Biology. Edition. Oxford University Press| yes| Background information | Biology – Principles and Processes| M B V Roberts, 1993. Biology: Principles and Processes Pb. Edition. Thomas Nelson. | Yes | Methods | Web | Effect of temperature on e nzyme activity. 2012. Effect of temperature on enzyme activity. [ONLINE] Available at: http://academic. brooklyn. cuny. edu/biology/bio4fv/page/enz_act. htm. [Accessed 13 November 2012]. | Yes | | | | | |

A Brief Timeline of Events in America - 1626 - 1650

A Brief Timeline of Events in America - 1626 - 1650 1626 Peter Minuit arrives in New Netherland and later buys Manhattan from the Native Americans for items worth approximately $24. He then names the island New Amsterdam. 1627 Plymouth Colony and New Amsterdam begin trading.A shipload of approximately 1500 kidnapped children is sent from England to the Virginia colony to increase the number of settlers in the colony. 1628 A group of settlers led by John Endecott settles at Salem. This begins the Massachusetts Bay Colony. 1629 The Massachusetts Bay Colony is given a royal charter.The Dutch West India Company begins to give land grants to patrons who will bring at least 50 settlers to the colonies.John Winthrop is elected the governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony.King Charles I grants Sir Robert Heath a territory in North America that is to be called Carolina. 1630 John Winthrop leads over 900 colonists to settle in the Massachusetts Bay Colony.John Winthrop also begins writing the History of New EnglandBoston is officially established.William Bradford, Governor of Plymouth colony, begins writing History of Plymouth Plantation. 1631 Despite the Massachusetts Bay Colony charter, it is decided that only church members are allowed to become freemen who are allowed to vote for colony officials.Sir Ferdinando Gorges is given a land grant and begins to settle what will eventually become Maine. 1632 In the Massachusetts Bay Colony issues such as no taxation without representation and representative government are beginning to be addressed.King Charles I grants Lord Baltimore a royal charter to found the Maryland Colony. Since Baltimore is Roman Catholic, the right to religious freedom is granted to Maryland. 1633 The first town government is organized in the city of Dorchester within the Massachusetts Bay Colony.The first school in America is founded in New Amsterdam. 1634 The first settlers for the new Maryland colony arrive in North America. 1635 Confrontations occur between Virginia and Maryland based on boundary disputes between the two colonies.The charter for the Massachusetts Bay Company is revoked. The colony refuses to yield to this, however.Roger Williams is ordered banished from Massachusetts after criticizing the colony and promoting the idea of separation of church and state. 1636 The Township Act is passed in the Massachusetts Bay general court giving towns the ability to govern themselves to some extent.Thomas Hooker arrives in Hartford Connecticut and founds the first church of the territory.Roger Williams founds the present-day city of Providence, Rhode Island.Open warfare begins with Pequot Indians after the death of New England trader John Oldham.Harvard University is founded. 1637 After numerous encounters, the Pequot Indians are massacred by a force of Connecticut, Massachusetts Bay, and Plymouth colonists. The tribe is virtually eliminated.Anne Hutchinson is banished from the Massachusetts Bay Colony. 1638 Anne Hutchinson leaves for Rhode Island and founds Portsmouth with William Coddington.Peter Minuit dies in a shipwreck. 1639 The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut are enacted.Sir Ferdinando Gorges is named the governor of Maine by royal charter.New Hampshire Colony settlers sign the Exeter Compact. 1640 Dutch colonists settle in the Delaware River area. 1641 Massachusetts Bay Colony takes over the jurisdiction of New Hampshire. 1642 New Netherland fights against the Hudson River Valley Indians who have been making raids against the colony. Both sides will later sign a truce that will last a year. 1643 The New England Confederation, also known as the United Colonies of New England, a confederation of Connecticut, Massachusetts, Plymouth, and New Hampshire, is formed.Anne Hutchinson is murdered by Indians on Long Island. 1644 Roger Williams is granted a royal charter for Rhode Island. 1645 The Dutch and the Hudson River Valley Indians conclude peace after four years of warfare.The New England Confederation sign a peace treaty with the Naragansett Indians. 1646 Massachusetts becomes increasingly intolerant as they pass a law making heresy punishable by death. 1647 Peter Stuyvesant assumes the leadership of New Netherland.Rhode Island General Assembly drafts a constitution allowing for separation of church and state. 1648 The Dutch and the Swedes compete for the land around present-day Philadelphia on the Schuylkill River. They each build forts and the Swedes burn down the Dutch fort twice. 1649 King Charles I of the House of Stuart is excommunicated in England. Virginia sides with the house of Stuart.Toleration Act is passed in Maryland allowing for religious freedom.Maine also passes legislation allowing for religious freedom. 1650 Maryland is allowed to have a bicameral legislature by order of Lord Baltimore.Virginia is blockaded by England after declaring allegiance to the House of Stuart. Source Schlesinger, Jr., Arthur M., ed. The Almanac of American History. Barnes Nobles Books: Greenwich, CT, 1993.

Hiring New Employees Example

Hiring New Employees Example Hiring New Employees – Coursework Example EMPLOYEE RETENTION TOOLS al Affiliation: Employee Retention Tools Employee retention refers to the ability of an organization to hold its human resources characterized by low worker turnover. There are numerous personnel benefits that managers can extend to their workers to motivate and retain them in the organization. One of the strategies an organization can use to retain employees is by exhibiting gratitude through rewards and benefits (Niles, 2012). Employers have an obligation to provide health cover plans, incorporating vision and dental plans, sick leave and retirement plans and holidays to their workers to motivate them and earn their trust, which often translates to low employee turnover. The retention of employees is a beneficial strategy and less costly exercise in the long-run lieu recruiting new employees.Additionally, it is imperative for the HR management to offer rewards such as competitive salaries, earnings sharing, extra programs and paid time-off. Retirement and h ealth benefits also enable the employee to feel secure and certain about their future. Moreover, holiday breaks and vacations allow the employees to manage their work-related stress, and provide an opportunity for rejuvenation. Employers have a platform to avail other benefits such as education refunds and child or old-age care services. Singer and Goodrich (2006) argue that the education refund packages convey a vital message to the employees that the firm highly regards them.An organization can also roll out mentoring programs in the firm. A mentoring program with a goal-oriented feedback arrangement provides a structured system for building strong relations within a company and is a concrete foundation for human resources retention (Devereux, & Hart, 2006). Further, mentoring programs in an entity match a worker that is more experienced in a field with a less experienced one in a related field. Pairing of employees develops definite competencies, presents performance feedback and devises a customized career development plan for the workers. In addition, the employers can provide recommendations and recruit from within (Devereux, & Hart, 2006). Hiring workers from within the company decreases employee turnover since employees are already familiar with the organization’s operations and policies.ReferencesDevereux, P. J., & Hart, R. A., 2006. Real wage cyclicality of job stayers, within-company job movers, and between-company job movers. Industrial & Labor Relations Review, 60(1), 105-119.Niles, N. J. (2012).  Basic concepts of health care human resource management. Massachusetts: Jones & Bartlett Publishers.Singer, P., & Goodrich, J. (2006). Retaining and motivating high-performing employees.  Public Libraries-Chicago-Public Library Association,  45(1), 58.

Banded Sea Krait Facts (Laticauda colubrina)

Banded Sea Krait Facts (Laticauda colubrina) The banded sea krait is a type of venomous sea snake found in the tropical water of the Indo-Pacific Ocean. Although this snakes venom is ten times more potent than that of a rattlesnake, the animal is nonaggressive and only known to bite in self defense. The most common name for the species is the banded sea krait, but its also called the yellow-lipped sea krait. The scientific name Laticauda colubrina gives rise to another common name: colubrine sea krait. While the animal may be called the banded sea snake, its better to call it a krait to avoid confusion with true sea snakes. Fast Facts: Banded Sea Krait Scientific Name: Laticauda colubrinaCommon Names: Banded sea krait, yellow-lipped sea krait, colubrine sea kraitBasic Animal Group: ReptileSize: 34 inches (male); 56 inches (female)Weight: 1.3-4.0 poundsLifespan: Unknown. Most snakes can reach 20 years of age under ideal conditions.Diet: CarnivoreHabitat: Indo-Pacific regionPopulation: Stable, probably numbering in the thousandsConservation Status: Least Concern Description A banded sea krait can be distinguished from other krait species by its yellow snout and from true sea snakes by its flattened body and nostril position. Sirachai Arunrugstichai / Getty Images The banded sea snake has a black head and black-striped body. Its upper surface is blue-gray, with a yellow belly. This snake can be distinguished from related kraits by its yellow upper lip and snout. Like other kraits, it has a flattened body, paddle-shaped tail, and nostrils on the sides of its snout. In contrast, an aquatic sea snake has a paddle tail, but a rounded body and nostrils near the top of its head. Banded sea krait females are substantially larger than males. Females average 142 cm (56 in) in length, while males average 87 cm (34 in) in length. On average, an adult male weighs about 1.3 pounds, while a female weighs around 4 pounds. Habitat and Distribution Banded sea krait (Laticauda colubrina) distribution. Sn1per Banded sea kraits are semiaquatic snakes found in shallow coastal waters of the eastern Indian Ocean and western Pacific Ocean. While juvenile snakes spend most of their time in the water, adult kraits spend about half their time on land. The snakes hunt in water, but must return to digest their food, shed their skin, and reproduce. Banded sea kraits exhibit philopatry, which means they always return to their home islands. Diet and Behavior The head and tail of the banded sea krait look similar, which helps deter potential predators. Placebo365 / Getty Images Banded sea kraits are perfectly adapted to hunt eels, supplementing their diet with small fish and crabs. The snake has never been observed feeding on land. The kraits slender body helps it weave through corals. The snakes tail may be exposed, but the threat from predators is reduced because the tail looks much like the head. Banded sea kraits are solitary nocturnal hunters, but they travel with hunting parties of yellow goatfish and bluefin trevally, which capture prey fleeing from the snake. Banded sea kraits display sexual dimorphism in hunting behavior. Males tend to hunt moray eels in shallow water, while females hunt conger eels in deeper water. Males tend to make multiple kills on a hunt, while females typically only take one prey per hunt. Most animals leave sea kraits alone, but they are preyed upon by sharks and other large fish and sea birds when the snakes surface. In some countries, people catch the snakes to eat them. Venomous Bite Because they spend so much time on land and are attracted to lights, encounters between kraits and humans are common but surprisingly uneventful. Banded sea kraits are highly venomous, but only bite in self-defense if grabbed. In New Caledonia, the snakes have the common name  tricot rayà ©Ã‚  (stripey  sweater) and are considered safe enough to play with children. Bites most often occur when fishermen try to untangle the snakes from fishing nets. The venom contains a powerful neurotoxin that can cause hypertension, cyanosis, paralysis, and potentially death if left untreated. Reproduction and Offspring Banded sea kraits are oviparous; they return to land to mate and lay eggs. Mating occurs in September through December. Males chase the larger, slower females and entwine around her. The males rhythmically contract to produce what are called caudocephalic waves. Copulations takes about two hours, but the mass of snakes may remain entwined for several days. Females deposit up to 10 eggs in a crevice on the land. Only two nests have ever been discovered, so little is known about the how the hatchlings find their way to water. The lifespan of the banded sea krait is unknown. Conservation Status The IUCN classifies the banded sea krait as least concern. The species population is stable and the snake is abundant throughout its range. Significant threats to the snake include habitat destruction, coastal development, and light pollution. While the snake is a human food source, the threat from overharvesting is localized. Coral bleaching may impact the banded sea krait, as it may result in diminished prey abundance. Sources Guinea, Michael L.. Sea snakes of Fiji and Niue. In Gopalakrishnakone, Ponnampalam. Sea Snake Toxicology. Singapore Univ. Press. pp. 212–233, 1994. ISBN 9971-69-193-0.Lane, A.; Guinea, M.; Gatus, J.; Lobo, A. Laticauda colubrina. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN. 2010: e.T176750A7296975. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-4.RLTS.T176750A7296975.enRasmussen, A.R.;and J. Elmberg. Head for my tail: A new hypothesis to explain how venomous sea snakes avoid becoming prey. Marine Ecology. 30 (4): 385–390, 2009. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0485.2009.00318.xShetty, Sohan and Richard Shine. Philopatry and Homing Behavior of Sea Snakes (Laticauda colubrina) from Two Adjacent Islands in Fiji. Conservation Biology. 16 (5): 1422–1426, 2002. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1739.2002.00515.xShine, R.; Shetty, S. Moving in two worlds: aquatic and terrestrial locomotion in sea snakes (Laticauda colubrina, Laticaudidae). Journal of Evolutionary Biology. 14 (2): 338–346, 2001. doi:10.1046/j.14 20-9101.2001.00265.x

Comparison of Communication and Cognitive Abilities of the Research Paper - 1

Comparison of Communication and Cognitive Abilities of the Bottle-Nosed Dolphin vs. the Chimpanzee - Research Paper Example As the report declares both nose-bottled dolphins and chimpanzees demonstrate social living skills. The two species live in complex but well organized social units. According to Herman, for the social units to operate effectively, young dolphin and chimpanzees undergo thorough training about the rules of the society and this learning is passed down to future generations. During this training, the newborns learn about collaborative and cooperative activities to ensure there is peaceful co-existence with the social units. Moreover, they learn about identity and personalities of the members in the group. While still young, the offspring of bottle-nosed dolphins and chimpanzees spend protracted period with their mothers within the social unit and acts as a chance for wide social learning This paper stresses that like chimpanzees, bottle-nosed dolphins are engaged in complex play behavior. In their social units the two species engage in complex play activities which considered as a way of teaching the members of the group. Moreover, the two species demonstrates creative behaviors. In the case of chimpanzees, they portray creative behaviors as they seek to solve a certain problem. Wyatt notes that there are instances when chimpanzees realize that a child has an edible fruit and tease such a child so that s/he responds by throwing back the fruit thereby getting food. Chimpanzees and dolphins have distinctive natural languages where they produce unique sounds.

To what extent do we need evidence to support our beliefs in different Essay

To what extent do we need evidence to support our beliefs in different areas of knowledge - Essay Example And the more the evidences are present -- evidences that are not contrary among one another -- in supporting a specific scientific belief, the more such belief becomes truthful or objective. In Bayesianism, evidences from a set of observational results for a particular hypothesis largely increase the â€Å"probability [or validity] of that hypothesis† (Achinstein 4). Furthermore, scientific belief greatly influences the person who holds such belief. Assuming that evidences validate a specific theory, the thought and action of the individual are strongly shaped by his or her belief system. For instance, a person who considers the existence or truthfulness of the so-called global warming will express, one way or the other, his or her belief of promoting and pursuing a kind of clean and green environment. Perhaps he or she will take this action to a much higher level (e.g., mass demonstration) if such person believes that the continued apathy of the government or state concerning global warming will theoretically result an environmental catastrophe. However, evidences do not make the natural science truly objective or free from error. ... But some scientists also claim that global warming does not exist; they contend that climate change or the increasing heat temperature experienced on the planet Earth is merely a natural phenomenon, which dates back to a hundred years. Moreover, the human specie is an evolving creature that has the natural capacity to adapt in the changing environment. Interpretation to particular evidence is far from objective or scientific. A set of data does not translate to a scientific theory or law. Whether the phenomenon of global warming is true or not, interpretation or deciphering the available observable data remains to be problematic. Going away from the much politicized science (i.e., global warming), the scientists in the Middle Ages believed that the Earth was the center of the cosmos, not the sun. Their evidence was that the common-sense perception of what they saw around them. In reply to Wittgenstein’s query, someone said, â€Å"Well, obviously, because it just looks as if t he sun is going around the earth† (qtd. in Dawkins 406). Thus, interpretation matters over a set of evidences. In history as the area of knowledge, evidences or sources are very essential in verifying the truthfulness of the claim or theory made by the historian. Especially historians who study ancient civilizations, sources are necessary in order to prove that their ideas or â€Å"beliefs† are true or accurate. And gathering a number of sources or evidences relevant to the study in question makes the historical record or writing truly comprehensive and objective. Undoubtedly, sources or evidences should be reliable (Child et al. 12). In addition, historical claim or belief influences the person’s mental

Swedish Daddies Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Swedish Daddies - Research Paper Example In fact, contemporary American society distinguishes people who seek only for success in career and those who want to become successful in their company but not to sacrifice their family life for this aim. As Shaw (2013) assumes, this situation is â€Å"one continuing source of frustration† (p. 351) for women. Each female worker inevitably faces dilemma of her development in the company, because choosing both career and family is much harder than dedicating all the lifetime to career. One of the reasons for this situation is absence of guaranteed maternity leave that helps mothers to dedicate enough time to their newborns, and then return to work in a company. Another reason is that companies force women to choose between career and family even during their job interviews. Finally, there is no paternity-leave law in America, which will put men in the same situation as women currently are. In short, it is hard to balance between career and family in America. 2/ In my opinion, United States should require companies to provide paid maternity leave. As I mentioned above, absence of paid guarantee from company for mothers is one of the main reasons why it is hard for contemporary female workers to choose balancing between career and family life. In other words, women do not feel their financial independence in case they give birth to a child. On the contrary, they have to take care of their babies (which takes all of their time) and realize they have to find the way to earn money at the same time. This is the reason why it is common to say, â€Å"Women are just men with less money† (Shaw, 2013, p. 351). In practice, women may find jobs with flexible hours, but they commonly earn less money for these activities (Shaw, 2013, p. 351). In fact, it is not right, because woman with a child obviously needs more money than a lonely woman does. At the same time, company is not ready to pay for the time woman does not

Confronting Gender Inequality in Botswana Essay

Confronting Gender Inequality in Botswana - Essay Example Many of the government’s Western-influenced programs have addressed, but failed to root out, ancient customs that continue to challenge the country’s attempts to achieve equality. Customary inequality: Gender disparity among married women Botswana’s legal system operates in an awkward and impractical two-track paradigm, with cultural laws and customs existing alongside the nation’s common law. The conflict inherent in this system allows traditional gender inequality to exist in spite of anti-discriminatory laws passed by the government in recent years, written expressly to establish a gender-neutral social system. Botswana’s traditional law remains â€Å"particularly prejudicial to women’s rights, perpetuating unequal power relations between men and women and strengthening stereotypes on (Name) 2 the role of women† (Shadow Report to the CEDAW Committee, BOCONGO, 2009). The Domestic Violence Act was passed in 2008 but unequal power rela tions persist between men and women. This law criminalized acts of violence against women, but the fundamental conflict between tribal/customary and common law has frustrated efforts to legislate equality between the sexes. In Botswana, even today, â€Å"under customary law and common rural practices men are perceived to have the right to ‘chastise’ their wives† (Shadow Report to the CEDAW Committee, BOCONGO, 2009). At present, the law sets 18 as the minimum marriage age. But traditional practice honors no such age limit and considers women of all ages to be minors, extending no individual financial or property rights. Worse, married women who experience physical violence of some form have very few practical rights. A 2009 United Nations report indicated that three of every five women in Botswana have experienced some kind of domestic violence. The minimum punishment for rape is 10 years in prison, but marital rape is not a criminal offense. There is no provision in the law requiring victims to be tested for rape and, as of 2010, there was only one domestic violence shelter in operation (Shadow Report to the CEDAW Committee, 2009). In a 2010 statement to the 45th session of the Convention of the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), Botswana Ambassador Boometswe Mokgothu reported that the country recognizes the importance of addressing the problem at its source. To that end, the government has embarked on a â€Å"sensitization† campaign aimed at the guardians of the country’s tribal customs, the Ntlo ya Dikgosi. â€Å"Sensitization of the Dikgosi is very important (Name) 3 to solicit their support, especially that some of the discriminatory and harmful practices that impact negatively on women and development are found in this area† (Mokgothu, 5). Addressing the problem at the tribal level stands out as a remarkably enlightened and progressive tactic aimed at effecting change at the source. It is essentia l that the government continue to establish long-term working partnerships with tribal leaders if true gender equality is to be maintained. Young, pregnant and uneducated: Seeking educational equality for pregnant teens In Botswana, pregnancy is one of the main reasons young women drop out of school.  

Journalism - The Economic Crisis Research Paper

Journalism - The Economic Crisis - Research Paper Example The people I interviewed gave varied responses to the causes of the economic crisis but from the interviews it was clear that it affected people’s living standards since inflation hit hard ion people s pockets and they could no longer live the way they used to do before. People feel that the economic crisis was caused by the debts that most people in the United States live with. The rate of profit of the economy had fallen and this meant that there was a high rate of inflation. Businesses were forced to adjust to the crisis by laying off workers so that they could continue being in existence. The rate of unemployment also increased as a result and this meant that the unemployed people could not get money to meet their daily needs. The decline in profits cased investments to reduce and since the economy depends on returns from business, the economy was set on the crisis. Other people feel that mortgage lending caused the economic crisis since the cost of housing increased signi ficantly during the crisis. This is because people had to pay a lot of money for their housing units and they were left with little money to meet their other needs. People feelings about the economic mess are varied but most people feel that it ruined the lifestyles as they had to budget their finances so that they could be able to survive with the money they had. ... The crisis caused people to move in to smaller houses since paying mortgages was expensive as interest rates were on the all time high and paying them was a task. People feel that the government is to blame for the crisis since it did not set the necessary policies to see that the value of the dollar is maintained. The government did not respond to crisis early enough as if it had it would have set out policies that would ensure that interest rates are at a good enough level to further development. People are dependant on credit and when the interest rates are too high, it means that they will not be able to get credit at reasonable interest rates hence levels of poverty will increase. Had the government ensured that interest rates were at a fair rate, it would make people get more credit and use it for their own development and for that of the country. People feel that government spending also had a great role to play in the crisis the economy was so much in debt and the high rate o f inflation meant that more money had to be used to pay the debt. The government spent a lot of money on the war against terrorism and there was no money being injected into the economy from the war. The cost incurred during the war depleted the economy of funds, which could be used for development purposes. Everyone was affected by the crisis and people complained on the adverse effects it had on their daily routines. There were high rates of unemployment since businesses could not employ people due to the decreased levels of profit. Those who were lucky to get jobs had to work on two or more jobs since they could not get enough from one job. Since the cost of gas also increased people’s travelling habits also

Law and Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Law and Management - Essay Example The ill preparedness of the crew of the ship is a life-threatening feature, which further demoralizes the employees. Lack of effective management coupled with the lack of safety precautions in the ship are deliberate breaches of the existing International Safety Management code that requires effective redress in order to revamp the productivity of the ship as the discussion below portrays. Firstly, the ship has a crew of 14 members from different parts of the world. The engineer and the chief officer are British; the crews are polish while the other officers are Indians. This implies that the environment in the ship is a cosmopolitan society that requires an effective management structure that will succeed in creating a perfect environment for the people from various backgrounds to achieve their maximum productivity. Unfortunately for the employee on the ship, the official language for communication is English. Such is a major drawback that affects the efficiency of operations in the ship. The management does not attempt to find out the competencies of the crews in order to determine the most appropriate language to use while in the ship. Language therefore becomes a vital barrier to the communication on the ship. Numerous other mistakes arise on the ship most of which are attributable to the lack of effective medium of communication. On a voyage between Dundee and South Shields, the tanker causes a pollution incident when it spills oil from under the manifold over the main deck. Pollution is always a major concern to everyone who uses the seas and oceans among other large water bodies. Governments can always forfeit the license of ships among other vessels that pollute the sea. As such, the management of the vessels using the large water bodies must always take adequate precaution and ensure that their vessels do not cause pollutions. As such, the short voyage between Dundee and South Shields incident is a portrayal of lack of adherence to the existing codes.

Journalism - The Economic Crisis Research Paper

Journalism - The Economic Crisis - Research Paper Example The people I interviewed gave varied responses to the causes of the economic crisis but from the interviews it was clear that it affected people’s living standards since inflation hit hard ion people s pockets and they could no longer live the way they used to do before. People feel that the economic crisis was caused by the debts that most people in the United States live with. The rate of profit of the economy had fallen and this meant that there was a high rate of inflation. Businesses were forced to adjust to the crisis by laying off workers so that they could continue being in existence. The rate of unemployment also increased as a result and this meant that the unemployed people could not get money to meet their daily needs. The decline in profits cased investments to reduce and since the economy depends on returns from business, the economy was set on the crisis. Other people feel that mortgage lending caused the economic crisis since the cost of housing increased signi ficantly during the crisis. This is because people had to pay a lot of money for their housing units and they were left with little money to meet their other needs. People feelings about the economic mess are varied but most people feel that it ruined the lifestyles as they had to budget their finances so that they could be able to survive with the money they had. ... The crisis caused people to move in to smaller houses since paying mortgages was expensive as interest rates were on the all time high and paying them was a task. People feel that the government is to blame for the crisis since it did not set the necessary policies to see that the value of the dollar is maintained. The government did not respond to crisis early enough as if it had it would have set out policies that would ensure that interest rates are at a good enough level to further development. People are dependant on credit and when the interest rates are too high, it means that they will not be able to get credit at reasonable interest rates hence levels of poverty will increase. Had the government ensured that interest rates were at a fair rate, it would make people get more credit and use it for their own development and for that of the country. People feel that government spending also had a great role to play in the crisis the economy was so much in debt and the high rate o f inflation meant that more money had to be used to pay the debt. The government spent a lot of money on the war against terrorism and there was no money being injected into the economy from the war. The cost incurred during the war depleted the economy of funds, which could be used for development purposes. Everyone was affected by the crisis and people complained on the adverse effects it had on their daily routines. There were high rates of unemployment since businesses could not employ people due to the decreased levels of profit. Those who were lucky to get jobs had to work on two or more jobs since they could not get enough from one job. Since the cost of gas also increased people’s travelling habits also

Prime Minister Essay Example for Free

Prime Minister Essay As he walked up the rickety stairs to the graveyard, his hand flaking the paint off the banister, listening to the thunderstorm overhead, Jake felt apprehensive. He was startled by the rustling of the autumn leaves in the bitter wind and the dancing of their shadows cast by the orange street light. He had left his friends house in a good mood but that was long gone as he sensed the peril that he was in. It was back. A creature had been following him on or off for weeks now and Jake could hear the sound of two extra footsteps a few metres behind him. He turned around but, as always, there was no one there. He knew he was not imagining it, but he didnt want to tell his family or friends as they would just laugh at him. While turning round once more he and thought he caught a glimpse of something, too big for a dog but too small for a human. He broke into a run and knew that his follower had done the same. He looked round and saw that his assailant was now making no effort to hide. The ground was being eaten up by this monster like creature that was pursuing him and he knew there was no hope. His screams for help filled the air but it was too late for there to be anyone out to hear him. He looked around for any means of protection and saw a stake with a note about the up-and-coming Easter egg hunt in the graveyard. Wrenching the stake from the ground, he turned to face his attacker; seeing how close the monster was too late. The creature was right at the end of the stake and as he collided with it, the stake went straight through his right shoulder. As Jake looked down at the victim that was now pinned to the ground by the stake he saw its coal-black cape, its milky-white fangs and his blond hair and blue eyes in the reflection off its pale white eyes. He started to run, as what he saw was a creature that he had thought only appeared in nightmares. It was a vampire! Â  As the sweat ran down his wrinkled face, the Prime Minister struggled to answer the last question concerning the rising number of murders in populated towns and cities. He knew that this new problem was going to be hard to solve and could cost him his job but he would do his best. He left the interview in a hurry, trying to get away from all the questions. As he finally got out the door, ignoring the crowd of reporters with their cameras flashing at him, his personal assistant rushed to his side and told him that he had urgent news from the Minister of Defence. He walked, wearily, but briskly, to his office and picked up the phone to his colleague. Prime Minister, I have urgent news regarding our current problem, he explained with a tone of graveness in his voice, We have video evidence of one of the creatures that are committing these assaults. Creatures? the Prime Minister asked, wondering if his colleague had made a mistake. Yes. We appear to have the first ever sighting of vampires in the world. I think we should try to get hold of one of them to question it. Yes, of course, please keep me informed of any more news that comes in, the Prime Minister stuttered incredulously, his face turning white at the thought of vampires on the loose. He knew that whatever it was that had to be done had to be done quickly, or else the whole population was in danger. The Minister of Defence had had a hard day. His phone had been ringing all day with enquiries from police stations all over the country. He was glad that he had finally found out the nature of the problem that the nation was facing. He knew that the Prime Minister was under extreme pressure but he was seriously losing faith in his ability to cope with this crisis. He was looking older every day, his good looks gone and his famous, lush brown hair was now grey and clearly thinning. The stress of his job was taking its toll and some of his recent decisions had been so questionable that the Press was having a field day. He knew that his doubts were shared, not only by the members of the Cabinet but by a large section of the population. As the phone started ringing once more, he cursed and picked it up knowing that it would be from another Police Officer in some part of the country asking for advice on what to do with another victim of an assault. That is why he was surprised by what was said.

Analysis Of A Clockwork Orange English Literature Essay

Analysis Of A Clockwork Orange English Literature Essay Singing in the rain, Im singing in the rainà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. As this vivacious song disappears into the terror of the night, the emergence of one of the greatest novels and movies, A Clockwork Orange, begins to take shape. Anthony Burgesss contemporary novel, A Clockwork Orange, and Stanley Kubricks outstanding movie, A Clockwork Orange, based upon the novel, have many important similarities and differences, which aid in confirming A Clockwork Orange as one of the most terrifying, yet extraordinary pieces of cinema and literature ever to be created. One of the important similarities between Anthony Burgess novel and Stanley Kubricks outstanding movie of A Clockwork Orange is the interpretation of what the true meaning of A Clockwork Orange which is important because it is the basis for the entire story because he has been brain washed by the government to make him act the way they want him to act. In A Clockwork Orange, Alex is only A Clockwork Orange, something mechanical that appears organic. By this I mean that although Alex is human, and capable to say and think whatever he chooses, he cannot, for in fact he is being used like a machine by the government, doing whatever they desire with him. From the similarity between the interpretation of what the true meaning of A Clockwork Orange in both Anthony Burgess contemporary novel and Stanley Kubricks outstanding movie of A Clockwork Orange comes the difference in how the government proves Alex to be like A Clockwork Orange, after having already completed the Ludovico Technique. In Anthony Burgess contemporary novel they prove Alex to be like A Clockwork Orange by showing him certain grotesque pictures and asking him what he felt. In Stanley Kubricks outstanding movie, they proved Alex to be like A Clockwork Orange by placing him on a stage with actors and presenting it in front of the important members of the government. Please, I must do something shall I clean your boots Look, Ill get down and lick them. In Stanley Kubricks A Clockwork Orange this following passage is what Alex said in Stanley Kubricks movie after having been kicked in the Gulliver by the actors boot, which demonstrates Alexs mechanical change into A Clock work Orange. Another similarity in both Anthony Burgess contemporary novel and Stanley Kubricks outstanding movie of A Clockwork Orange is the use of the Nadsat language. The Nadsat language, which is the vocabulary of the teenagers in the future, is important to be in both the book and movie because the language shows the difference between the violent teenagers and the intellectual aristocracy of this nightmarish future. Viddy well brotha viddy well, What giveth then, old droogie? Nobody seemed to quite pony that, but somebody said in like a harsh goloss Ho, ho, ho! Well, if it isnt fat stinking billy goat Billy Boy in poison! How art thou, thou globby bottle of cheap, stinking chip oil? Come and get one in the yarbles, if ya have any yarbles, you eunuch jelly thou! Be more respectful, boy, in addressing the Minister (A Clockwork Orange, page 173). This passage taken from Anthony Burgess contemporary novel exemplifies how teenagers talked, and that no one else seemed to understand pony what Alex was saying, except that it had to be disrespectful. A huge difference between Anthony Burgess contemporary novel and Stanley Kubricks outstanding movie of A Clockwork Orange is the differences with the second encounter with the man whose wife that had been raped and killed by Alex and his friends droogies. In Anthony Burgess contemporary novel, the man is exactly the same as he was except for his wife having been killed. In the book, the man asked to hear Alexs story and he mentioned the name Dim, whom sounded familiar to the man, and then for the first time he realized that Alex was one of those hoodlums who raped his wife that terrible night. Also, in the morning, the man called him down to eat breakfast, which gave Alex time to roam around in the mans bedroom where he found his name, F. Alexander, on his book. However, from this, Alex was used by F. Alexander as a political stunt in the hotel room without force and leaves the reader to assume that F. Alexander was responsible for driving Alex to sheer madness to jump out of the win dow. Unlike Anthony Burgess contemporary novel, Stanley Kubricks outstanding movie was completely different in the second encounter with the man whose wife had been raped and killed by Alex and his friends. The man, having been beaten so badly in the first encounter, was now in a wheelchair, and accompanied by a huge, strong man named Julian, whom helped F. Alexander do the things that he could not do in a wheelchair. Also, while Alex is offered a hot bath, he sang the song Singing in the Rain, which he had sung during the first encounter with F. Alexander. Having sung this song, the man at once recognized and realized that Alex had been one of the hoodlums that were there on the night he had been beaten, and raped his wife. Also, having realized after the bath that Alex was responsible for his wifes death, he drugged Alexs drink rendering him unable to ever know the mans name, F. Alexander, and proving that F. Alexander was responsible for having tried to kill Alex by driving him to madn ess to jump out of the window. Anthony Burgess contemporary novel, A Clockwork Orange, and Stanley Kubricks outstanding movie, A Clockwork Orange, based upon the novel, have many important similarities and differences. These similarities and differences; however, help to mold in my opinion one of the greatest novels and movies of our time. Upon reading and watching A Clockwork Orange it leaves me with just one final thought what will the world be like in the future?

An Ecomomic Forecast :: essays papers

An Ecomomic Forecast Evaluating the bull market today, it is almost impossible to pick up a financial journal without seeing news on the bull market that some consider to be overvalued. Overvalued or fairly valued, only the future will show the truth. Either way, this market is one that has shown greater run ups and returns, than any other market in history. (Reference Appendix #1a) Recently the Dow Jones Industrial Average has reached historical highs and then receded back to previous levels, leaving investors who are used to consistent and record setting gains month after month, baffled. Both the Dow Jones and the S & P 500 indices have seen modest and even flat performances over the past three months. (Reference #1b) A recent article that was published on the front page of the Wall Street Journal emphasized that returns were flat due to the fact that investors were concerned of the possible on set of inflation. If these concerns are warranted and inflation is thus expected, the Bull market may ve ry well be over. This after all makes sense, inflation has slowed and stopped many run-ups in the past, and the onset of inflation now could very well do the same. While the article introduced some possibilities, it said nothing of the likelihood, the causes of, the Fed.'s reactions to, and the probability of expected inflationary increases in the future. This paper is thus dedicated to expanding on these ideas by exploring the rationality of these concerns by examining the circumstances surrounding inflation. It is my speculation that the Bull market may eventually correct itself in the future, but not in the short term due to immediate inflation. That is, that the market was in fact flat due investors concerns, but actual imperative inflation does not look to be expected in the near future. In order to begin to understand the nature of market trends and forces, one must first consider the current state of the U.S. economy relative to its' business cycle. Certain aggregates can be measured that tell us a great deal about this. These aggregates have a strong history of leading, coinciding, or lagging the relative business cycle with a high amount of regular correlation. Appendix 2a contains illustrations, which show graphically the trends of the leading, lagging, and coincident indicators over the past few years. These graphs are composites of each group, and upon examination it is clear that all the indicators are rising.

How Well Did The English Exchequer Function In The Twelfth Century? :: essays research papers

How Well Did the English Exchequer Function in the Twelfth Century? The English exchequer was the central board responsible for all in comings and out goings into the royal treasury. It arrived with the Normans and was the first system of centralized revenue extraction to appear that although crude was a direct predecessor to the modern one. The information on how the Exchequer functioned as a method of institutionalised revenue extraction is from the `The course of the Exchequer' written by Richard son of Nigel. The text provides a one sided argument into the merits of the Exchequer as Richard himself is the treasurer. The text is written in a typically classical dialogue style with a `master' dictating to his `scholar'. Richard also presents himself as a well educated and intelligent man through his grasp of Latin and his quotations from Biblical and classical texts as well as alluding to philosophy through his talk of logic. The interesting proposition therefore is who was interested in such a complicated text and why was it produced. The system of the Exchequer was a complex one that would have been understood by few at the time. By attempting to describe this system in a way that presents it as equitable, it could have convinced the Barons and others paying taxes of the validity and fairness of a system of which they would have had little comprehension. This would also be helped by Richards apparently good grasp of the area. The Exchequer board was the highest office that could be obtained in the royal circle and was the most powerful and prestigious as it presided over all financial matters. It allowed records to be formed and general standards to be maintained. The ultimate power of the exchequer is aptly put in the text..." where your treasure is, there will your heart be also. ² The Exchequer had a greater role than just recording revenue as it provided a forum where judgments could be made and disputes about financial matters could be settled. It also saw commands depersonalized through the use of writs which can be described as the Å’routinization of charisma' (Clanchy, 1979). The King no longer had to have any direct influence over a command and some form of general standard could be applied. In command of the Exchequer was the Kings Chief Justiciar who was effectively second in command from the King. He presided over the whole board and was the only one besides the king himself who could reverse decisions once they had been made. Any writs from the treasury for payment and expenditure had How Well Did The English Exchequer Function In The Twelfth Century? :: essays research papers How Well Did the English Exchequer Function in the Twelfth Century? The English exchequer was the central board responsible for all in comings and out goings into the royal treasury. It arrived with the Normans and was the first system of centralized revenue extraction to appear that although crude was a direct predecessor to the modern one. The information on how the Exchequer functioned as a method of institutionalised revenue extraction is from the `The course of the Exchequer' written by Richard son of Nigel. The text provides a one sided argument into the merits of the Exchequer as Richard himself is the treasurer. The text is written in a typically classical dialogue style with a `master' dictating to his `scholar'. Richard also presents himself as a well educated and intelligent man through his grasp of Latin and his quotations from Biblical and classical texts as well as alluding to philosophy through his talk of logic. The interesting proposition therefore is who was interested in such a complicated text and why was it produced. The system of the Exchequer was a complex one that would have been understood by few at the time. By attempting to describe this system in a way that presents it as equitable, it could have convinced the Barons and others paying taxes of the validity and fairness of a system of which they would have had little comprehension. This would also be helped by Richards apparently good grasp of the area. The Exchequer board was the highest office that could be obtained in the royal circle and was the most powerful and prestigious as it presided over all financial matters. It allowed records to be formed and general standards to be maintained. The ultimate power of the exchequer is aptly put in the text..." where your treasure is, there will your heart be also. ² The Exchequer had a greater role than just recording revenue as it provided a forum where judgments could be made and disputes about financial matters could be settled. It also saw commands depersonalized through the use of writs which can be described as the Å’routinization of charisma' (Clanchy, 1979). The King no longer had to have any direct influence over a command and some form of general standard could be applied. In command of the Exchequer was the Kings Chief Justiciar who was effectively second in command from the King. He presided over the whole board and was the only one besides the king himself who could reverse decisions once they had been made. Any writs from the treasury for payment and expenditure had

Literary Theory Essay on Dryden’s ‘an Essay on Dramatic Poesy’

Mimesis, the Greek word for imitation, has been of major importance in the history of aesthetic and literary theory. It is the earlier way to judge any work of art in relation to reality and to decide whether its representation is accurate or not. Though this mode starts from Plato, it runs through many great theorists of Renaissance up to some modern theorists as well. A literary work is taken to be a representation of reality or of any aspect of it.Plato holds a rather negative view on mimesis; he sees the work of an artist as a simple imitation of imitations, a work that is removed from the essence of nature and one that represents imagination rather than truth, thus introducing the audience to a world of illusions. Aristotle, on the other hand, treats imitation as a basic human faculty, which expresses itself in arts like Literature, music and painting. Unlike Plato, Aristotle believes that it is ungrateful to consider imitation as a mere copy or reflection of reality since it in volves a complex meditation of nature that reveals human creativity.It is therefore considered as a human Art. This essay deals essentially with the neoclassical conception of Mimesis, and the attitude of the neoclassicist John Dryden towards the ancient literary theory. Neoclassicism was a widespread and influential movement in literature and visual arts enduring from the early 17th century until around 1750 . Neoclassical writers looked to ancient Greek and Roman writers for inspiration and guidance and reaffirmed literary composition as a rational and rule-bound process, requiring a great deal of craft, labor and study.Central to neoclassical literary theory and practice was the concept of imitation; In the Neoclassical view , Mimesis has been understood as the imitation of nature as objects or phenomena , which means in effect , that literature imitates other modes of discourse , such as philosophy ,ethics , rhetoric , the natural and social sciences , religion , psychology or l inguistics . Neoclassicists believed that writers should strive to achieve excellence by imitating those great writers of the past rather than by trying to be original and innovative.The essence of Art thus becomes reinvention and rediscovery. The complex notion of nature, which was closely related to the notion of imitation, referred to aspects of the real world and human behavior, to what was central, timeless, and universal in human experience. The Neoclassical writers generally saw the ancients such as Homer and Aristotle as having already discovered and expressed the fundamental laws of nature . Hence , the external world, including the world of human action , could best be expressed by modern writers if they followed the path of imitation already paved by the ancients.Invention was of course allowed but only as a modification of past models, not in the form of a rupture. The Neo-classicist theorist John Dryden is known for his support of the theory and practice of the Greek an d Roman writers of antiquity and his belief in the necessity of a continuation and development of the rules set by the ancients. Dryden and his contemporaries looked upon the ancients as their models. By â€Å"the ancients† they generally meant the ancient writers.Seneca provided the model for tragedy, Terence and Plautus for comedy, Virgil for epic, Horace and Juvenal for satire, Pindar for odes, and Horace for literary criticism. Of all the ancient Roman writers, Dryden respected Virgil the most and repeatedly acknowledged him as his master and guide. Dryden emphasizes the importance of following the classic models with a sense of innovation and originality. He believes that poetry has a historical development, and he wishes â€Å"that poetry may not go backward, when all other arts and sciences are advancing. This refers to his belief in the ability of following the models and the experience of the ancients and trying to get beyond them. The neoclassical era is not partic ularly sensitive to originality and invention, but Dryden believes that originality is to be preferred to good imitation, and is a greater proof of genius. Dryden opposes Aristotle in believing that the plot is the first of all elements in a play and the basis on which the others are built, he believes that it’s rather the author's language, the diction and thought, that form the basis of a play.He also opposes the strongly conventionalized characters and plots of Roman comedies, asking for a wider imitation of nature, although he also appreciates the advantages of structural simplicity, but the interest of the plot and the characters is also to be found in variety and not simply in a well-defined structure. In variety we recognize human behavior, real life, and the essence of nature. John Dryden’s essay â€Å"An essay on Dramatic Poesy† gives an explicit account of neoclassical theory of art in general.He defends the classical drama standing on the line of Aris totle, saying that it is an imitation of life, and that it reflects human nature clearly. The essay is written in the form of dialogue concerned to four gentlemen: Eugenius, Crites, Lisideius and Neander. Neander seems to speak for Dryden himself. Eugenius takes the side of the modern English dramatists by criticizing the faults of the classical playwright. Crites defends the ancient , he opposes the use of rhyme in plays and argues that through the moderns excel in science ,the ancient age was the true age of poetry .He notes that poetry is now held in lower esteem , in an atmosphere of ‘Few good poets and so many severe judges’ , his essential argument is that the ancients were faithful imitators and wise observers of nature which is ‘ill represented in our plays ‘ he states that ‘they have handed down to us a perfect resemblance of her (nature) which we , like ill copiers , neglecting to look on , have rendered monstrous and disfigured’ Lesid eius defends the French playwrights and attacks the English tendency to mix genres.He defines a play as a just and lively image of human nature, representing its passions and humors and the change of fortune to which it is subject, for the delight and instruction of mankind† A definition that is very different from Aristotle’s; the latter has defined tragedy not as the representation of ‘human nature’ but as the imitation of a serious and complete action. Neander who speaks for Dryden himself, favors the moderns, respects the ancients, and is critical to rigid rules of drama. He defends rhyme if it is in proper place .Neander argues that tragic comedy is the best form for a play; because it is the closest to life in which emotions are heightened by both mirth and sadness. He complains that the Ancients were either tragedians or comedians, and that it is easier to attain perfection in this way, writing only the kind of thing one does best. He states that thi s natural gift has to be controlled by techniques; the good writer must know the emotions he is depicting, and he must not get carried away by them in order to remain credible in the eyes of the audience. He also finds subplots as an integral part to enrich a play.Neander favors the violation of the unities of time , place and action because it leads to the variety to the English plays, he argues that the unities have a narrowing effect on the play . The violation of unities helps the English dramatists present a mere, just and lively image of human nature. Neoclassicism comprised a return to the classical models, literary styles and values of ancient Greek and Roman authors , but if Dryden is neoclassical , it is in the sense that he acknowledges the classics as having furnished archetypes for drama , but modern writers are at liberty to create their own archetypes and their own literary traditions.

The Community Service Trust Act

With the passing of the National and Community Service Trust Act of 1993, there is increased focus on integrating student community service, volunteerism and service learning into the curriculum. Service learning can be a key to unlock our nation's potential. Promising that national service will â€Å"strengthen the cords that bind us together as a people,† President Clinton signed legislation creating AmeriCorps. The new program, scheduled for late 1994, will in its first year rovide 20,000 young people with 7,425 in annual wages plus health benefits and child care benefits if needed and $4,725 in educational benefits in exchange for a full year of grassroots community service work. In a Mac Arthur Foundation publication on youth service, Judy Karasik reported that America is â€Å"experiencing an explosion of youth idealism, activism, and commitment to engaged citizenship† . In record numbers, Americans are reaching out. It is no longer a matter of noblesse oblige, in which the rich reach down to help the poor. Today's volunteers are people of every socioeconomic level helping each other. There are still wealthy philanthropists who serve those less privileged, but the women who would have served in previous generations are now working for pay at demanding jobs. They are often too exhausted to add community service to their other responsibilities From Miami to Seattle, the United States of the 1990s is ripe for answers to the seemingly insurmountable social problems plaguing large cities and small towns. While we have almost become indifferent to the familiar litany of socital ills–crime, drugs,teen pregnancy, homelessness, juvenile delinquency–the response to many of our community problems has been a new student activism burgeoning on our college campuses. Programs range from student organizations assisting the US Marines with their annual Toys for Tots program to full-time internships in social service agencies A week after Hurricane Andrew struck southern Dade County, Florida, Broward Community College students had â€Å"adopted†Florida City and mobilized to help survivors rebuild their community. Teams of students, along with faculty and staff, traveled to Florida City on weekends to assist in the cleanup. Back in Broward County, some of these same students mentor at-risk youngsters, tutor high school students with specific learning disabilities, act as student ambassadors to the community, and serve as peer educators providing vital HIV/AIDS prevention information to their classmates Interior design students in Texas redesigned the Alzheimer care unit of a local hospital while classmates renovated a homeless shelter. In Colorado, architectural students redesigned a town hall. At Miami-Dade Community College, Florida, students received academic credit for producing a play performed by students, faculty and residents of a homeless center. â€Å"I learned more from them than I have all my life† said David, a student, referring to the homeless people he worked with in the play. Student community service and service learning are powerful learning experiences for students, providing a way to effect change and address our nation's pressing social problems. Students who volunteer receive more than just the satisfaction of helping those in need: they learn responsibility, build character, solve problems, and gain a better understanding of their Community colleges have a unique opportunity to be on the cutting edge of this new paradigm. Speaking at a Florida Council of Student Affairs meeting, Chris Gilmore, director of the Florida Governor's Commission on National and Community Service,urged deans and vice presidents to remember that one-third of the community college mission is service. Citing a study in which 100 percent of the students reported that their service experience was more important than their academic studies, Gilmore noted, â€Å"There is no better way to learn leadership than by leading, and no better way to learn the value of service than by serving†. The term â€Å"community service† often conjures up visions of forced restitution, of convicted criminals sentenced to pay off their debts to society for infractions ranging from speeding tickets to felonies. For our students, the accepted definition of community service is unpaid work that everyone can do to improve the quality of life of those being served, of those serving, and ultimately of the community as a whole. The primary goal lies in attacking civic apathy while participating in activities that serve community needs. Out-of-classroom learning programs have gained in popularity since emerging in the mid 1960s when President Kennedy urged the nation to † ask not what your country can do for you, but what you can do for your country. He called upon the nation's young to serve society in the military, community service, the international Peace Corps, or domestic VISTA programs for two-years of national service. Since that time many colleges and universities have been actively integrating student volunteerism, internships, and community service into their programs. Thousands of college students are currently working in literacy programs, day care centers, soup kitchens, and facilities for the elderly. Very often the difference between someone failing and making it is just one person who cares about them. Student volunteers can change the course of history by touching the lives of many while gaining valuable life experience. What sets service learning apart from other types of non-traditional education programs, according to Neil Merrell, director of the Center for Public Policy and Service at Mesa Community College, is that â€Å"service learning is the blending of academic study and community service. † At Mesa, says Merrell, â€Å"our goal is to encourage students to become lifelong, active participants in the community. † Service can be integrated into a class in several ways, an extra credit option; as a substitute for a requirement, such as a paper,exam, or project; or an integral part of the course, if the class is on a related topic, like social problems. Service learning is the integration of community service into an organized setting where the servers also reflect on the meaning of their service. By combining service with a reflective educational framework, the benefits far exceed those of service or learning separately. Reflection can take place in groups or individually, in a written or oral format, by using journals or essays. In service learning the volunteer work is related to the course. The process of reflection is an essential part of integrating the service experience into course work. Through structured reflection activities, individuals develop an appreciation for the connection between their community service activities and the underlying issues of the social problem being addressed. Trish Joyce, a Broward Community College English professor, offered a service option to students in her Introduction to the Short Story course. After some reluctance, David Manko, a computer science major, volunteered to read stories to children at the campus child care center. Joyce points to the following excerpts of David's reflective journal as â€Å"a shining example of what â€Å"I told him no, that it only looked that way because the ants are so small. The children were all wondering about the crystals the ants were so interested in so I decided to show them, using a grain of sand. I told the kids that to an ant this looks like a giant rock and they are strong enough to carry them. They understood and wanted to look at the pictures in the book again†¦ If I were to write a children's story those are some of the characteristics I would include†¦ Each experience I have with the children, I feel I have shown them a little of the enormous and very diverse world of literature. † . A student's college career is a time of training, not only for a career, but for life. Service learning programs are designed to make social service an integral part of students' lives during and after college. The training gained through service could provide new career opportunities, or simply an experience to benefit everyone involved. Research by Arthur Levine of Harvard University shows an estimated 64 percent of college and university students participate in public service activities in addition to their course work. Mark Cooper, a Broward Community College alumnus, heads the student-initiated Volunteer Action Center at Florida International University (FIU). Cooper, who began the FIU program two years ago while a student, believes that â€Å"service learning works because it is based on one simple principle: you don't learn the basics by memorizing the basics, but by doing projects in which you utilize the basics. Surely if education is supposed to prepare the next generation, we should be teaching active citizenship rather than rote memorization. The real value, though, lies in enhanced learning. Research by Judith Boss on her University of Rhode Island ethics classes showed that a service learning component improves learning . Solving community problems is a bonus. The nation is looking toward its colleges to stem the torrent of violence and civic apathy by instilling such core values as honesty and respect for life. The Wingspread Group, a blue ribbon panel on higher education, developed a 42-point college checklist to improve educational offerings. The panel urged administrators to ensure that â€Å"next year's entering students will graduate as individuals of character, more sensitive to the needs of community, more competent to contribute to society, and more civil in habits of thought, speech and action. â€Å"Service learning experiences build new relationships between students and instructors, between the community and the college or university, and between the people being served, and the students, benefiting all involved. Properly prepared students augment service delivery for overburdened community agencies, allowing closer contact with clientele, and providing extra staff support. The college gains an improved public relations image. More than any other educational institution, the community college's very mission is enmeshed with a commitment to improve the communities that surround its campuses. The existence of both mandatory and voluntary community service programs is nothing new for many private liberal arts institutions and public universities. Even high schools in many states are adding service hours to their graduation requirements. However, while service learning is a nice enhancement to these educational offerings, service is integral to the very essence of the community college mission. Karen Bojar, an English Professor at the Community College of Philadelphia, includes service learning activities in her literature classes. She states â€Å"Community college students have deep roots in the community; thus, community service sets the stage for lifelong commitment. She views formal volunteering through a structured experience as a career skill and teaches her students how to incorporate their volunteer work into their resumes. In the most successful service learning programs, colleges and universities work together in a partnership with community-based organizations and civic leaders in identifying needs, planning and establishing the service projects. Community awareness is essential to the success of any service learning program. For years, colleges and universities have sought creative methods of providing on-the-job training to augment classroom learning. The value of such a goal is demonstrated by student participation in extracurricular and student life activities, where self esteem is strengthened and the roles of commitment and responsibility are reinforced through employment. Potential employers have always valued on-the-job experience, often more so than academic credentials. Employers are placing a high value on community service experience as well. An increasing number of corporations are establishing corporate foundations and community giving programs. Many encourage employee volunteerism through matching programs, match employee monetary gifts, and lend their executives to assist non-profit organizations. It is always desirable for students to become more focused as they explore career choices. Student employment provides non-threatening opportunities to experience job options without a full-time commitment. Working for the common good, however, adds a sense of urgency as the needs for increased levels of civic responsibility become more and more critical. Since 1954 there has been a 15 percent increase in the number of college graduates entering the field of social work. We may soon be able to witness a marked increase as more college students have a chance to learn through service to others. . In addition to the value of the experience itself, most of the student participants at Broward Community College receive service scholarships to reduce their need to borrow to pay for college. Although many of the participants reluctantly admit they signed up initially for the money, they stayed involved even when the scholarships were exhausted. Wen asked, they said they feel they got more out of the experience than the recipient of their services. The following steps will enable administrators to create a successful service learning program: Begin with a small core of interested faculty, preferably individuals who are activists themselves and already participate in community service endeavors. Form an advisory committee with membership including representatives from faculty, staff, students, corporations, and local community agencies. This committee can provide useful feedback, encourage faculty to buy into service learning for their classes, and win needed support from students and the community. Include students and faculty in the planning. Students must be involved in every aspect of developing the service learning program, from planning through implementation, though the institution should serve as administrative support to coordinate the program. Establish an office to provide service support and coordinate the program with faculty, develop agency contacts, place students, monitor service hours, and maintain co-curricular transcript data. Find a lightning rod with clout and provide incentives to reward faculty involvement. Elizabeth Ann Gilver, director of the Haverford College, Pennsylvania, Career and Community Service Program, recommends reassuring teachers that their students' course work will not suffer and using concessions to defuse opposition from the faculty In an effort to document the community involvement of students, student development transcripts are becoming popular as addenda to academic transcripts. They provide students with a documented record of their out-of-classroom experiences. These records of co-curricular activities can be presented to potential employers to indicate additional job skills acquired while performing community work. As public service gains popularity and jobs become more scarce, volunteering for community service will be viewed as yet another way for job applicants to enhance their resumes. Maintaining records of service also provide an excellent method to recognize student involvement. Several institutions use graduation and other ceremonies to present awards or plaques to students based on number of hours of service performed. A brightly colored cord or tassel on students' mortarboards can also be used to honor service achievements. At some institutions, a single instructor or group of faculty members have developed ways to creatively integrate service experiences into specific courses with no institutional support. Many four-year institutions have programs that are initiated and run by students, either through student clubs and organizations or by individual students. However, because of the abbreviated programs and short tenure of typical community college students, community colleges wishing to sustain a viable service learning program must make the commitment of a full-time faculty or staff member to coordinate their program. There are numerous departments that can assume overall responsibility for a service learning program–Student affairs, academic affairs, cooperative education, student employment, financial aid, student activities, student life, placement, or career services offices can all play a role. There is no one answer that will satisfy the individual needs of all institutions, each with very different organizational structures. The common denominator in successful service learning programs is enthusiastic program personnel coupled with a strong institutional commitment, as long term sustain ability is largely dependent on a commitment from top administration. When searching for funding, don't leave any stone unturned. Grants are available to cover startup costs from such sources as the Corporation on National and Community Service, the U. S. Department of Education Fund for the Improvement of Post-Secondary Education (FIPSE), state agencies, etc. Some institutions have earmarked student activity fees to cover program operating costs. Others have successfully negotiated institutional budgetary support. Work closely with your counterparts in resource development, financial aid, and grants, to seek out operating funds. If your institution provides staff and program development support or mini-grants to pilot new programs, apply for start-up funds. Appeal to local private and public foundations, corporations and individual donors. Seek out program funds or scholarships for the students. Donors are often more willing to provide tuition assistance for students who also give something back to their community. By focusing on the needs of others, students gain a sense of compassion and social awareness that develops when people help each other. A national survey conducted by Allan Luks revealed that people who do regular volunteer work report that good feelings keep them generally healthier and happier In his book, The Healing Power of Doing Good, he suggests that working through an organization makes volunteers more likely to continue regular volunteer activities. By providing college students with an organized means to experience service learning, colleges can foster a lifelong commitment to altruism. There are those who see the world's ills as insurmountable and make no effort to address them. There are others who believe that each of us can make a difference through individual acts of civic responsibility. Toward that end, every community college in the nation should provide its students with a variety of volunteer, community service, public service and service learning experiences to prepare them for a role of active citizenship and participation in improving the quality of life in their communities. Think what a legacy we could leave our children and their children if we could imbue each of the nearly 9 million students that annually pass through our doors each year with such a notion. The ripple effect would certainly go a long way toward making our world a better place.